Football referees Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Football referees - Literature review Example If good discipline lacks and pure defiance rules, then no respect for the officials can be guaranteed and referees abuse can be expected without much consideration. The discussion presented below is basically an effort to highlight the existence of disciplinary problems in the UK football while laying stress on the referees abuse by players and to what degree this abuse is affecting the referees and their interests. The paper also highlights the steps taken by the football referees to overcome the lack of discipline and resulting abuse from the football players in UK. Disagreement from the referees’ decisions due to lack of discipline: According to a sports report by Taylor and Hytner (2008), the ruthless and defiant behavior shown by Ashley Cole and his teammates towards the match referee Sir Alex Ferguson (Scottish football manager) was too significant to be overlooked and has been the topic of much criticism among the UK public and entire world as well. This scenario presen ts an important example when lack of discipline and respect in the UK football players is talked about. ... The report further lays stress on the impact of lack of discipline among the UK football players by mentioning that another player named Grant also vehemently disagreed with the decision of the match referee Dean, who sent a midfielder player out of the field by dismissing him in the first match that was supervised by him. This action of the match referee was hugely disliked by the team players who instead of agreeing with the referee’s decision in accordance with the rules of the game, started abusing the referee coarsely. It is a good measure taken by Chelsea that Cole was subsequently punished owing to the fact that he harassed the match referee while threatening to snatch the red card from his hand. Pearce (cited in Herbert, 2008) emphasizes that referees can make mistakes too sometimes and they should be tolerated by the players. Lack of cohesion and harmony leads to disagreement between players and referees: Wenger, coming from the football club Arsenal has been quoted a s saying after a match that â€Å"Our game lacked cohesion. I always felt we could be punished.† (cited in Press Association, 2010). This also supports the reality that discipline is lacking in the UK football game and more importantly, among the football players. The UK football players have inexplicably developed a stubborn sense of defying most of the decisions taken by the match referees and a very hyped drama is created when a certain match referee orders any player to leave the field. In response to yellow or red card shown by the referee, all the teammates typically surround the referee and start pressurizing him for taking back his decision. Some even go as far as to put

Investment and Cost Savings Essay Example for Free

Investment and Cost Savings Essay Introduction The purpose of this report is to address the key strategic issues facing Coast4Life with the expected downturn ahead. Included is a financial analysis, identification of major issues, analysis of alternatives and a recommendation. Financial Analysis for the Year Ended 2012 (Appendix 1) * Current ratio of 1. 6 indicates that the company can meet its short term obligations. There is a 46% improvement versus last year’s current ratio of 1.1. Quick ratio of 1.8 shows a 50% improvement. * Total debt- to-equity of 1.5 shows a 12% improvement over prior year’s ratio of 1.7 indicating that the firm is relying less on debt. Times interest earned ratio of 6.4 improved by 30%. * Profitability ratios indicate overall earnings growth. Net margin of 15.2% grew by 18% compared to 12.9% in 2011 while Return-on-Equity (ROE) of 27.4% grew by 16%. Return on Investments (ROI) of 11.2% shows a significant 28% growth from 8.7% and posted a 14% favourable variance compared to target. * Revenue and net income grew by 13.4% and 33.3%, respectively. Major Strategic Issues With the expected estimated 30%-35% decline in the overall booking, the expected impact is a decline in income by $7M (Appendix 2). The proposed alternatives to generate additional revenues and or/ cost savings are evaluated using a required after tax rate of return of 16%. Alternative 1 – Change Customer Mix Objectives: Maximize Repeat Customers from 20% to 40% Maximize Age Group 40-60 years old from 30% to 38% Pros: * Incremental Income of $721K in 2013; $2.1M for the 3 years ahead combined (Appendix 3) * Opportunity to expand extra-services * Maximizes capacity/resources Cons: * Marketing constraints to target customer mix * May require additional costs to achieve target This option addresses the incremental income requirement. It maximizes profitability and provides opportunities to expand business ( in line with the company’s mission). Alternative 2 – Implement a web-based booking system Pros: * Incremental savings of $24K in 2013; $226K for the 3-yrs ahead combined (Appendix 4) * Opportunity for additional costs reduction (i.e. advertising, promotion) * Provides information about passengers * Opportunity to target more customers * Meets demand for Internet-booking * Accounting module improves financial reporting Cons: * Loss of customer service * Technology must be up to date and well maintained * Security (i.e. financial data, customers) This option meets the cost savings requirement. It also addresses the immediate need of the company for market/customer information and addresses constraints in alternative 1 (customer mix). This is in line with the company’s mission to provide unique services. Alternative 3 – Hire Crew and Hospitality Workers from Underdeveloped Countries Pros: * Incremental cost savings of $883K; $2.1M for the 3 years ahead combined (Appendix 5) * Cheaper wages Cons: * May damage reputation (poor service quality) * May dampen employees’ morale This alternative meets the requirement for cost savings. To ensure quality service, the company must invest in training. The company should also keep key employees (pros: assists in training, promotion could keep morale high). Long-term cost savings is attractive. Alternative 4 – Divest the Fraser dry dock Pros: * Incremental Income of $3.1M in 2013; $2.5M for the 3-years ahead combined (Appendix 6) * Focus on core business Cons: * Incremental costs of $438K per year (maintenance and lost income from the dry dock operations (Appendix 6) * Decline in company-wide morale * Damage to reputation and local ties * Quality of third-party maintenance This alternative meets the incremental income required. This allows the company to focus on its core business. However, long-term, the negative impact on income, reputation and ties with the community are not desirable. It is recommended to change customer mix and implement a web-based booking system. Both alternatives achieve the income requirement (total $745K in 2013; $2.4M for the 3 years ahead). Both alternative have low risk and provide more opportunities to maximize the use of its resources and capacity and expand business. Hiring crew and staff from underdeveloped countries is recommended if the high risk is mitigated i.e. by retaining key employees. Divesting the drydock is not recommended due to the incremental expenses associated in future years. Conclusion The recommended alternatives meet the requirement to generate revenue and/or cost savings to counter the expected downturn in 2013.

Welsh People Possessed a Sense Common Heritage Essay -- Welsh history

In the introduction to the course, Gareth Elwyn Jones states that "the specifics of the history of Wales have compelled its people to conceive of nationhood in quite different terms [to those of other nations]† , these other terms are â€Å"a sense of community, language, culture and a feeling of common heritage† . The course as a whole can then be considered as a brief investigation into these expressions of Welsh national identity. Perhaps Llywelyn ap Gruffydd was attempting to ossify these ephemeral qualities in the late thirteenth century when, in the words of Rees Davies, he sought "to convert the primacy of Gwynedd among the native dynasties into the leadership of a united native Wales whose status as a separate and unitary principality would be acknowledged by the English Crown† , although Davies has to concede that Llywelyn’s efforts were restricted to the â€Å"pura Wallia [of] the unconquered parts of Wales† , referring to those parts of the country that had so far avoided assimilation into Anglo-Norman England in the preceding two centuries. Llywelyn was ultimately unsuccessful, perhaps in large part because the ‘Wales’ that he sought to build was his personal dynastic and political goal of the nation, and was not a goal held nor supported by many of his immediate contemporaries, including his brother . Similarly, Davies’s interpretation of the Edwardian conque st of Wales has not been accepted wholesale, Antony Carr rejects Davies’s notion that Edward’s conquest was a â€Å"national disaster† and reminds us that "for most people the new regime meant little change and the traditional leaders of the community retained their power and influence. Indeed, in some ways Gwynedd may have been better off under Edward than it had been und... ...A182 Block 1 Introduction: Wales and history, Milton Keynes, The Open University, 2009. Williams, G., ‘Religion and belief’ in Barlow, H. (ed.) (2009) Small Country, Big History: Themes in the History of Wales – The Reader, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Jones, G.E. ‘Tudor Wales’, http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/!via/oucontent/course/82/tudor_wales.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011. Jones, G. E. ‘Wales 1880 – 1914’, http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/!via/oucontent/course/82/wales1880_1914.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011 Thomas, P. D.G., http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/!via/oucontent/course/82/theremakingofwalesintheeighteenthcentury.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011. Williams, G. A., ‘Beginnings of Radicalism’, http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/!via/oucontent/course/82/beginningsofradicalism.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011

Oral Presentation

Ms. Beyer CDEV 8-930am 16 Oct. 2012 Group Oral Presentation Topic: ADHD is a problem with inattentiveness, over-activity, impulsivity, or a combination. For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be out of the normal range for a child's age and development. Symptoms The symptoms of ADHD fall into three groups: Lack of attention (inattentiveness) Hyperactivity Impulsive behavior (impulsivity) Some children with ADHD primarily have the inattentive type.Others may have a combination of types. Those with the inattentive type are less disruptive and are more likely to not be diagnosed with ADHD. Inattentive symptoms Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork Has difficulty keeping attention during tasks or play Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace Has difficulty organizing tasks and activitiesAvoids or dislikes tasks that r equire sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork) Often loses toys, assignments, pencils, books, or tools needed for tasks or activities Is easily distracted Is often forgetful in daily activities Hyperactivity symptoms: Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat Leaves seat when remaining seated is expected Runs about or climbs in inappropriate situations Has difficulty playing quietly Is often â€Å"on the go,† acts as if â€Å"driven by a motor,† talks excessively Impulsivity symptoms:Blurts out answers before questions have been completed Has difficulty awaiting turn Interrupts or intrudes on others (butts into conversations or games) Key Terms ADHD- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Research techniques Finding Causes and better treatments. Behavior management. Time-out and reward systems can help a child with ADHD learn appropriate behaviors for the classroom and home. Parent training in behavior management skills is conducted during a series of 6 to 1 2 counseling sessions of 1 to 2 hours a week.Social skills training. These techniques help the child learn to be less aggressive and impulsive, to manage anger, and to behave in a more socially acceptable way. Counseling, including family therapy. All household members can benefit from learning methods to deal effectively with ADHD behavior. Medications The most common type of medication used for treating ADHD is called a â€Å"stimulant. † Although it may seem unusual to treat ADHD with a medication considered a stimulant, it actually has a calming effect on children with ADHD. Evidence of topicADHD research is the expansion of knowledge in genetics, brain imaging, and behavioral research is leading to a better understanding of the causes of the disorder, how to prevent it, and how to develop more effective treatments for all age groups. Focus – Proven Natural ADHD Remedies for people of all ages. Resources used Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: Impl ications for Theories of Diagnosis Stephen V. Faraone Current Directions in Psychological Science , Vol. 9, No. 1 (Feb. , 2000), pp. 33-36 Reseach base resources on specific disabilities. Dr. Barbara Smith & Kyrie Dragoo Research Analysts, NICHCY

Do Violent Video Games Cause Behavior Problems

Do you want guns, money and cars? That’s what Call of Duty, War and Grand Theft Auto affect the children. Our children grow up with a lot of technology around them. Some people think violent video games cause behavior problems, but I disagree with them. Some children spend a lot of time playing video games and that affects their brains. Also, they do not differentiate between fantasy and reality. Also, they would not mind if they want shooting first one they see after game.According to CNN news the child who spends more than four hours playing violent video games their became a violent person, because their interacts with game. So every thing they do in the game like killing or stealing, they could do it in real. All these action will be a part of the player’s behavior, which means while they are playing, they are developing aggressive behaviors Children learn very fast and act like what they see in video games. Some video games have good side and help children in diffe rent ways.According to ABC news they have not proven the violent video games cause behavior problem essay writer needed. For example what happened in Newtown, Connecticut a few months ago when a boy killed students in school they found he had mantel diseases. On the other hand video games can teach children high- level thinking skills, because if they want win in any game essay writer for hire, they have to got a good plan and made their brainwork. So these games improve thinking skills. Also, video games make children smart. Because, some video games make the player think very fast to solve problems or had strategy.For example, I bought an Ipad for my kids and I downloaded some good games to teach them English and one day I heard my son sang English song. There are a lot of things made violent person like parents and TV. Parents have a big responsibility to their children. Because they have to take care of them and watch them. For example, a 7 years boy shot his sister with his fat her gun last week in Saudi Arabia. That means the boy saw the gun near him, and he used it. We cannot blame the boy, we blame the father, because he did not care and left his gun near the boy.On the other hand TV also can make a violent person. Every one has a TV in his home and we see a lot of films and programs some of them show killing and stealing car, all of these can make violent children. We have to take care of our children. Because there will build our countries in the future and we do not want murder or killer in our society. In my opinion we have to learn parents who protect their children and take care of them, also we have to control the TV by avoid some channels because some of them show violent in their programs, cartoon films and films.